What Are the Most Common Signs of Breast Cancer?
Not all breast cancers present the same way, and symptoms can vary from person to person. Some people may notice a lump, but others may only see subtle changes. Let's review the most common signs of breast cancer, and myths to be aware of.
1. A Lump in the Breast or Underarm
One of the most common warning signs is a new lump or thickened area in the breast or underarm (armpit). While not all lumps are cancerous—many are benign (non-cancerous)—any new or unusual lump should be checked by a doctor.
What to look for:
- A hard lump that feels different from the rest of your breast tissue.
- A lump that doesn’t move easily when touched.
- A lump that wasn’t there before and doesn’t go away with your menstrual cycle.
2. Changes in Breast Size or Shape
If one breast suddenly changes in size or shape, even if there's no lump, it could be a sign of breast cancer.
What to look for:
- One breast appearing noticeably larger or more swollen.
- A part of the breast looking misshapen or dimpled.
3. Skin Changes on the Breast
Cancer can affect the skin around the breast, sometimes causing it to appear different than normal.
What to look for:
- Dimpling or puckering, similar to the texture of an orange peel.
- Redness or a rash that doesn’t go away.
- Thickening of the skin on or near the breast or nipple.
4. Nipple Changes
The nipple area can also show signs of breast cancer, especially if changes happen suddenly.
What to look for:
- Nipple turning inward (inversion).
- Nipple discharge, especially if it's bloody or occurs without squeezing.
- Crusting, scaling or flaking of the nipple or surrounding skin.
5. Persistent Breast Pain or Tenderness
Breast pain is usually not a sign of cancer, especially if it comes and goes with your menstrual cycle. But if pain is new, constant and focused in one area, it’s worth getting checked out.
6. Swelling Around the Breast or Collarbone
Sometimes breast cancer spreads to the lymph nodes before a lump is noticeable. This can cause swelling in the underarm or near the collarbone.
What to look for:
- Swelling in the armpit, shoulder or collarbone area.
- A feeling of fullness or lumpiness in those areas.
When to See a Doctor
If you notice any of the signs listed above, don’t panic, but don’t ignore them either. Most breast changes are not cancer, but it's better to be safe. Make an appointment with your healthcare provider for a clinical breast exam, and if needed, further tests like a mammogram or ultrasound.
Breast Self-Awareness Is Key
Rather than focusing on a specific way to do a “breast self-exam,” doctors now recommend breast self-awareness. This means knowing what’s normal for your breasts so you can spot changes early. You should regularly look at and feel your breasts so you can catch anything unusual as soon as it starts.
Common Myths About Breast Cancer—Debunked
Let’s clear up a few misconceptions that often cause confusion or unnecessary worry.
Myth #1: A Lump Is the Only Sign of Breast Cancer
Many people associate breast cancer with a lump, but other signs—like skin changes or nipple discharge—can also signal cancer. Some women never feel a lump at all.
Myth #2: Men Don’t Get Breast Cancer
While it’s rare, men can get breast cancer too. Men should be aware of any changes in their chest tissue, including lumps or nipple discharge.
Myth #3: Only Women with a Family History Are at Risk
Most people diagnosed with breast cancer do not have a family history. Genetics can increase your risk, but lifestyle factors and age also play major roles.
Myth #4: A Mammogram Causes Cancer
Mammograms are safe and use very low doses of radiation. There’s no evidence that they cause or spread cancer. In fact, they save lives through early detection.
Myth #5: Breast Cancer Always Comes With Pain
Breast cancer often doesn’t hurt in the early stages. That’s why noticing visual or physical changes—not just pain—is important.
Final Notes
Breast cancer is serious, but with early detection, it’s also very treatable. Understanding the signs and symptoms—and separating fact from fiction—empowers you to take control of your health. If something doesn’t look or feel right, trust your instincts and get it checked. The earlier breast cancer is found, the better the chances of beating it.
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